An eye chart is a chart used to measure visual acuity. Types of eye charts include the logMAR chart, Snellen chart, Landolt C, and the Lea test. Procedure
Charts usually display several rows of optotypes (test symbols), each row in a different size. The person is asked to identify the numbers or letters on the chart, usually starting with large rows and continuing to smaller rows until the optotypes cannot be reliably identified anymore.
Technically speaking, testing visual acuity with an eye chart is a psychophysical measurement that attempts to determine a sensory threshold (see also psychometric function). Variations
Charts are available for very young children or illiterate adults that do not require letter recognition. One version uses simple pictures or patterns. Others are printed with the block letter "E" turned in different orientations, the so called Tumbling E. The patient simply indicates which direction each "E" is facing. The Landolt C chart is similar: rows have circles with different segments missing, and the test-taker describes where each broken piece is located. The last two kinds of charts also reduce the possibility of the patient guessing the images. Alternatives
Computer-based semi-automatic alternatives to the eye chart have been developed, but are not very common. They have several potential advantages, such as a more precise measurement and less examiner-induced bias. Some of them are also well suited for children since they resemble a video game.
While visual acuity charts are usually designed for use at 6 metres or 20 feet, there is often also a need to test a subject's vision at near or occupational tasks (like reading or computer use). For these situations near-point charts have been created.
Thursday, 26 January 2012
Friday, 20 January 2012
Friday, 13 January 2012
Image; editorial image.
The Guardian, until 1959 known as The Manchester Guardian (founded 1821), is a British national daily newspaper in the Berliner format. Currently edited by Alan Rusbridger, it has grown from a 19th-century local paper to a national paper associated with a complex organisational structure and international multimedia presence with sister papers The Observer (British Sunday paper) and The Guardian Weekly, as well as a large web presence.
The Guardian in paper form had a certified average daily circulation of 230,541 in October 2011, behind The Daily Telegraph and The Times, but ahead of The Independent. The newspaper's online offering is the second most popular British newspaper website behind the Daily Mail's Mail Online.
Founded in 1821 by John Edward Taylor in Manchester, with backing from the non-conformist Little Circle group of local businessmen, The Manchester Guardian replaced the radical Manchester Observer which championed the Peterloo protesters. The paper identifies with centre-left liberalism and its readership is generally on the mainstream left of British political opinion. The paper is also influential in design and publishing arena, sponsoring many awards in these areas.
The Guardian has changed format and design over the years moving from broadsheet to Berliner, and has become an international media organisation with affiliations to other national papers with similar aims. The Guardian Weekly, which circulates worldwide, contains articles from The Guardian and its sister Sunday paper The Observer, as well as reports, features and book reviews from The Washington Post and articles translated from Le Monde. Other projects include GuardianFilm, the current editorial director of which is Maggie O'Kane.
Wednesday, 11 January 2012
Top 10 things; film intro sequences.
Another port of call for inspiration is movie titles because my subject is 'superhero movies' so looking at movie titles could also inspire any current ideas I have and point me in the right direction. Quite a few of the superhero movie titles have looked at are cartoon based or at least animated cgi style and this was a concern I had because I was worried that because I was looking at films I would have to use the photographs taken from these films but now i've seen this is not the case. Movie titles as with idents tend to be quite simple but interesting enough so that they keep the audience interested. They include basic information such as the actors starring in the films and sometimes and image hinting at what the movie may include. Theres usually quite a simplistic colour scheme that links to the main character in the movie somehow too, an example being the green lantern because he is obviously green and this is one of the main colours within the title sequence. I've noticed that the title sequences tend to be quite dark too because superheroes are supposed to be seen as quite mysterious and secrative and this colour makes it seem as though theres a shadow as though to hide their identity and keep the mystery.
Top 10 things; television idents//inspiration.
These are examples of idents made for various television channels such as MTV, E4 and Cartoon Network. To look at exsisting idents was a good starting point because I actually didn't realise these parts of a television channel were called idents so it helped me understand what they were and the sort of information they include. A lot of them tend to be 'cartoon' based because these types of things are a lot easier to work with in programmes such as after effects because i'd imagine some of these idents were actually made with the after effects software. The idents tend to include quite simple movement and are usually made in a style that suits the particular channel so with channels such as E4 they have more quirky, random looking idents because the channel is quite youthful and quirky. I'm considering choosing E4 for my own programme so I need to take particular note of these idents so I can take some of these elements and make them work within my own ideas. A lot of the idents for E4 tend to be quite bold and bright, using a cartoon asthetic because the target audience is of a younger generation possibly 16 - 30 year olds. This particular style would work well for my own ideas because the target audience is of a similar range. One of the main things that makes an ident successful is the timescale, they are usually quite short and memorable. The music used within idents is usually a tune and not a song and sometimes there is a voice over so this is also something else I can consider within my own work.
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